what does it mean to abstain from sex

Act of refraining from sexual activity

Sexual abstinence or sexual restraint is the practise of refraining from some or all aspects of sexual activity for medical, psychological, legal, social, fiscal, philosophical, moral, or religious reasons. Sexual abstinence is distinct from asexuality, which is a sexual orientation where people do not experience sexual attraction. Celibacy is sexual abstinence generally motivated by factors such every bit an individual'due south personal or religious beliefs.^[2] Sexual abstinence before marriage is required in some societies by social norms, or by law in some countries. It is a function of chastity.

Abstinence may be voluntary (when an individual chooses not to engage in sex activity due to moral, religious, philosophical, or other reasons), an involuntary event of social circumstances (when one cannot find any willing sexual partners), or legally mandated (e.g. in countries where sexual activity outside marriage is illegal, in prisons etc.).

History [edit]

The ancient world discouraged promiscuity for both health and social reasons.^[3] According to Pythagoras (6th century BCE) sexual practice should be skilful in the winter, but not the summertime, merely was harmful to male wellness in every season because the loss of semen was dangerous, hard to control and both physically and spiritually exhausting, just had no result on females.^[iii] This idea may have been merged with Zoroastrian ideas of good and evil in a philosophy known every bit Gnosticism, which influenced Christian and Islamic attitudes to sex.^[three] Just others stated that the Christian religion's concord on to the ideal of sexual abstinence prior to the appearing of gnosticism and Zoroastrianism and its roots are to be constitute in the Old Testament (which is the base of the New Testament) in which virginity was required past law and marriage was specially protected (see Deuteronomy chapter 22).

Throughout history, and peculiarly prior to the 20th century, at that place have been those who have held that sexual forbearance confers numerous wellness benefits. For males, lack of abstinence was thought to cause a reduction of vitality. In modern times, the argument has been phrased in biological terms, claiming that loss of semen through ejaculation results in a depletion of vital nutrients such equally lecithin and phosphorus, which are also found at high levels in the brain. Conservation of the semen allegedly allows it to be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream and aid in the healthy development of the body.^{[4] [v]} Along these lines, the noted German language philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche spoke of the positive physiological furnishings of abstinence: "The reabsorption of semen by the blood ... perhaps prompts the stimulus of ability, the unrest of all forces towards the overcoming of resistances ... The feeling of power has so far mounted highest in abstinent priests and hermits" (quoted by Walter Kaufman in his classic, Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist, p. 222). Earlier the "sexual revolution" of the 1960s, it was normally believed by members of the medical profession that numerous mental and physical diseases in men were caused primarily by loss of nutrients through seminal belch, and that the deliberate conservation of this substance would lead to increased health, vitality, and intellectual prowess. This likewise applied to masturbation, which was besides thought to lead to bedwetting and hairy palms.

Some advantages in favor of sexual abstinence were also claimed past Walter Siegmeister, better known as Dr. Raymond W. Bernard, an early 20th-century American culling health, esoteric writer, author and mystic, who formed role of the alternative reality subculture. In his essay entitled "Scientific discipline discovers the physiological value of continence" (1957) he states:^[6]

"[I]t is clear that there is an important internal physiological relation between the secretions of the sexual activity glands and the cardinal nervous system, that the loss of these secretions, voluntarily or involuntarily, exercises a detrimental result on the nutrition and vitality of the fretfulness and brain, while, on the other paw, the conservation of these secretions has a vitalizing effect on the nervous organisation, a regenerating effect on the endocrine glands [,] and a rejuvenating effect on the organism as a whole."

Historically, there has been a swing from the sexually liberal stop of the Industrial Revolution to the chaste values of the early Victorian catamenia.^{[ commendation needed ]} This was so followed by a new puritanism from the late Victorian era to the mid-1900s.^{[ citation needed ]} This important transformation oft colors discussion of sexual beliefs in the later 20th century. World State of war I began a return to sexual liberty and indulgence, but more than ofttimes than not, the appearance of befitting to the earlier moral values of forbearance before marriage was retained.^{[ citation needed ]} With the conclusion of World War Two, the societal importance of abstinence declined.^{[ citation needed ]} The advent of the first oral contraceptive pill and widely available antibiotics suppressed many consequences of wide and costless sexual behavior,^{[ citation needed ]} while social morals were as well irresolute. By the 1970s, abandonment of premarital chastity was no longer taboo in the majority of western societies, and the contrary became true.^{[ citation needed ]} Some cultural groups continued to place a value on the moral purity of an abstainer, only abstinence was caught up in a wider reevaluation of moral values.

During the early on 20th century, prominent feminist and birth control abet Margaret Sanger argued that abstinence from sexual activity led to greater endurance and forcefulness, and was a sign of the best of the species:

"Though sexual activity cells are placed in a part of the anatomy for the essential purpose of hands expelling them into the female for the purpose of reproduction, there are other elements in the sexual fluid which are the essence of blood, nerve, brain, and muscle. When redirected into the building and strengthening of these, we find men or women of the greatest endurance and greatest magnetic power. A girl tin waste matter her creative powers by brooding over a beloved affair to the extent of exhausting her arrangement, with the results not unlike the furnishings of masturbation and immoderacy."^[7]

J. D. Unwin was a British ethnologist and social anthropologist at Oxford University and Cambridge University. Unwin wrote several books including Sexual activity and Civilization, (1934). In Sex and Culture Unwin studied fourscore primitive tribes and 6 known civilizations through 5,000 years of history and found a positive correlation between the cultural achievement of a people and the amount of sexual restraint which they observed. The writer finds that the most culturally successful groups always showroom lifelong monogamous relationships which include sexual forbearance outside of marriage.^[eight] According to Unwin, subsequently a nation becomes prosperous it becomes increasingly liberal with regard to sexual morality and every bit a issue loses its cohesion, its impetus and its purpose, ultimately having a negative consequence on social club: "The whole of human history does not contain a unmarried instance of a grouping becoming civilized unless it has been absolutely monogamous, nor is in that location whatever example of a group retaining its culture afterwards information technology has adopted less rigorous customs."^[9]

During fertile menstruation [edit]

Schematic indicating the fertile period of a woman

Sexual abstinence can exist expert during the menses in which the woman is fertile.^[10]

Before matrimony [edit]

Premarital chastity [edit]

In most cultural, ethical, and religious contexts, sex within wedlock is not considered to be contrary to notions of guiltlessness. Some religious systems prohibit sexual activities betwixt a person and anyone other than a spouse of that person, as have, in the past, legal systems and societal norms. In such contexts, sexual abstinence was prescribed for unmarried individuals for the purpose of guiltlessness. Chastity has been used equally a synonym for sexual abstinence, they are similar but with unlike behavior and restrictions.^{[ citation needed ]}

Legal issues [edit]

In some countries whatsoever sex outside marriage is illegal. Such laws are by and large tied to faith and the legal and political traditions within the particular jurisdiction. Laws differ greatly from land to country. In some Muslim countries, such as Saudi arabia, Pakistan,^[11] Afghanistan,^{[12] [13] [14]} Iran,^[14] State of kuwait,^[15] Maldives,^[16] Morocco,^[17] Mauritania,^[xviii] United Arab Emirates,^{[19] [20]} Qatar,^[21] Sudan,^[22] Republic of yemen,^[23] any course of sexual activity outside wedlock is illegal.

Violence [edit]

In some parts of the world, people suspected of engaging in premarital or same-sexual practice sex activity tin can become victims of laurels killings committed by their families.^{[24] [25]} Stoning for sexual action exterior wedlock is also a penalty in some places.^{[ citation needed ]}

Forbearance-only sex educational activity in the U.s.a. [edit]

Forbearance-only sex pedagogy is a course of sexual practice teaching that teaches forbearance from sex, and frequently excludes many other types of sexual and reproductive health education, particularly regarding nascency command and safe sex. Education programs which focus exclusively on forbearance have hardly been shown to delay sexual activity.^[26] Such programs promote sexual abstinence until wedlock and often also condemn the employ of contraceptives as an culling. Comprehensive sex education, by dissimilarity, covers the utilize of contraceptives too as abstinence.^[27]

Organizations such every bit SIECUS have called abstinence-only programs "fear-based," and "designed to command immature people's sexual behavior by instilling fear, shame, and guilt."^[28] Author Judith Levine has argued that in that location might be a natural trend of forbearance educators to escalate their messages: "Like advertizement, which must continually jack upwardly its seduction just to stay visible equally other advertising proliferates, forbearance education had to make sex scarier and scarier and, at the same time, chastity sweeter."^[29]

In spite of these criticisms, federal government back up has made abstinence the de facto focus of sex education in the United states, so that opponents frequently adopt the line that abstinence education is acceptable only if it is combined with other methods, such as instruction in the use of condoms, and easy availability thereof. Virtually nations of Western Europe apply more comprehensive measures, and in sharp contrast to the heated discussion in the U.Due south., abstinence is inappreciably discussed every bit an educational measure.^{[ citation needed ]}

A U.Southward. federal government-promoted abstinence-only programme was aimed at teens in 1981 in guild to discourage premarital sex and unwanted pregnancies. Notwithstanding, contempo studies conducted by Mathematica Policy Inquiry showed ineffectiveness of this program.^[30] The Responsible Instruction About Life Deed was introduced by Senator Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ) and Representatives Barbara Lee (D-CA) and Christopher Shays (R-CT) to support age-appropriate sexual didactics. This program is focused to provide teenagers with scientific discipline-based data on sexual health, so that they tin brand a audio decision regarding their sex-life.^[31]

In 2006, the George W. Bush assistants expanded abstinence programs from teens to adults, by introducing programs to encourage single adults to remain abstinent until marriage.^[32] Family-planning advocates and researchers denounced the programme as unrealistic, due to the rising age of first-time wedlock in the Usa.^[33] In 2009, the Barack Obama administration removed most of the funding from sexual-abstinence teaching, and instead used the money to fund the Role of Adolescent Health, designed to prevent teenage pregnancy through evidence-based programs.^[34] During the Obama assistants, between the years 2007 and 2017, the teen pregnancy rate in the US dropped by 50%, co-ordinate to the Centers for Disease Command and Prevention.^[35]

In 2010, Academy of Pennsylvania researchers released a model study showing that abstinence programs can be effective. The study randomly assigned some middle-school students to an viii-hour abstinence curriculum and others to sex-ed programs that included contraceptives and mixed messages. Penn researchers plant that the forbearance-only offering reduced subsequent sexual practice by one-third more than other programs.^[36]

Popularity and effectiveness [edit]

The advent of AIDS helped build a more than favorable view of abstinence. However, a review of 13 U.Due south. sexual activity-forbearance programs involving over 15,000 people past Oxford Academy institute that they practice not terminate risky sexual behavior, or aid in the prevention of unwanted pregnancy.^[37] Other studies have institute that abstinence-only education does piddling to affect the "age of sexual initiation; number of sexual partners; and rates of sexual abstinence, safe utilise, vaginal sex, pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs)".^[38] Recently, the U.s. Congress also constitute like results in a study conducted by Mathematica Policy Research on abstinence.^[39] Currently, there are too problems every bit to what abstinence means: is information technology an abstinence from sexual intercourse, or from sexual behavior? Movements such every bit True Love Waits in America, which ask teenagers to refrain from sex earlier marriage, are heavily subscribed, but surveys of sexual behavior indicate an increase in the popularity of oral sex.^[twoscore]

Furnishings of forbearance on society [edit]

Alfred Kinsey is widely regarded every bit the first and amid the most influential figures in American sexology; his inquiry is cited equally having paved the way for a deeper exploration into sexuality among sexologists and the full general public, and as having liberated female sexuality.^{[41] [42]} Co-ordinate to Alfred Kinsey sexual ignorance led to real suffering in society and that sexual liberation, every bit opposed to sexual abstinence, was the key to both a strong marriage and a happy life. Kinsey believed that abstinence was a sexual dysfunction: "The but kinds of sexual dysfunction are forbearance, celibacy and delayed wedlock."^[43]

Long-term abstinence as a lifestyle [edit]

Lifelong (or at to the lowest degree long-term) forbearance, often associated with philosophical or religious asceticism, is distinguished from guiltlessness before marriage. Abstinence is often viewed equally an human activity of self-control over the natural desire to have sex. The display of the forcefulness of graphic symbol allows the abstainer to ready an case for those not able to contain their "base of operations urges".^{[ citation needed ]} At other times, abstinence has been seen equally a great social skill skilful by those who refuse to appoint with the textile and physical world. Some groups and teachers that propose sexual forbearance consider it an essential means to reach a item intellectual or spiritual condition, or that chastity allows one to achieve a required cocky-control or self-consciousness.^[44]

Abstinence in religions [edit]

Some religions regard chastity equally a virtue expected of faithful adherents. This ordinarily includes forbearance from sex activity for the single, and fidelity to a marriage partner.

In some religions, some groups of people are expected to remain single and to abjure from sexual activity completely. These groups include monks, nuns, and priests in various sects of Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Christianity. Guiltlessness is required of the respective sacerdotal orders. The Shakers, on the other mitt, impose chastity in the form of celibacy for all members, even forgoing procreation such as the case with the castration cult.

Christianity [edit]

"But considering of sexual sins, each homo is to have his own wife, and each woman is to take her own husband."

— 1 Corinthians 7:2, EHV^[45]

"Marriage should exist honored by all, and the marriage bed kept pure, for God will approximate the adulterer and all the sexually immoral."

— Hebrews xiii:4, NIV^[46]

Most Christians teach that sexual intercourse should occur exclusively inside matrimony, and that sexual abstinence is the norm outside of that. Sex between people not married to each other is either fornication or infidelity. Just for married couples, Paul of Tarsus wrote that they should not deprive each other, except for a brusque time for devotion to prayer.^[47]

Catholicism defines guiltlessness as the virtue that moderates the sexual appetite.^[48] Single Catholics limited guiltlessness through sexual abstinence. Sexual intercourse inside union is considered celibate when information technology retains the twofold significance of marriage and procreation.^[49] Come across also the Evangelical counsels. The Methodist Church teaches that "Although all persons are sexual beings whether or not they are married, sexual relations are but clearly affirmed in the marriage bond."^[l] The Eastern Orthodox Church building teaches guiltlessness until marriage. Merely fifty-fifty and then, in accordance with the teaching of the Apostle Paul, periods of abstinence are encouraged among married couples. Traditionally, Orthodox spouses abjure from concrete relations on Wednesdays, Fridays, Saturdays the eves of Peachy Feasts and throughout the 4 lenten periods (Bully Lent, Nativity Fast, Apostles' Fast and Dormition Fast).

However, the United Church of Christ, are "liberal in their approaches, believing that individuals must decide for themselves how to express their sexual nature."^[51]

Hinduism [edit]

The Indian tradition of Brahmacharya places slap-up emphasis on abstinence as a way of harnessing the energy of body and mind towards the goal of spiritual realization. In males, the semen (Vīrya) is considered sacred, and its preservation (except when used for procreation) and conversion into higher life-energy (Ojas) is considered essential for the development of enhanced intellectual and spiritual capacities.

The blending of sexual and spiritual is portrayed in Hindu iconography, equally seen in ubiquitous phallic and vaginal iconography in Hindu temples and for example in the Kharjuraho and Konarak medieval temples, where thousands of couples having sex in countless positions, and with the gods, are carved in deep bas-relief. Withal, these depictions of sex are not by and large understood to be a license for free sexual practices, but are instead meant to celebrate procreation as an integral part of being in the universe. In actual practice, it is highly encouraged that both males and females abjure from pre-marital sexual practice and practice chastity, which still exists today in Hindu cultures.^[52]

Islam [edit]

Islam forbids intercourse outside of marriage (zina).^[53] Notwithstanding, maintaining celibacy as an act of piety is not recognized, while marriage for all who are able is strongly encouraged. Abstinence is skilful during the fourth dimension of a adult female'due south menstruation or istihadha. Abstinence from sexual intercourse is besides practiced from dawn to sunset during days where fasting is observed. Also in the time of Hajj people are non allowed to accept sexual relationships, considering their body has to stay pure while performing pilgrimage.

Jainism [edit]

Green colour in the Jain flag stands for brahmacharya ^[54]

Brahmacharya is one of the five major vows prescribed for the śrāvakā (layman) and ascetics in Jainism. For those Jains who adopt the path of monks, celibacy in action, words and thoughts is expected. For lay Jains who are married, the virtue of brahmacharya requires remaining sexually true-blue to i's chosen partner (allegiance). For lay Jains who are unmarried, chaste living requires Jains to avoid sex activity before wedlock.^[55]

In the Jain monastic tradition, brahmacharya implies, among other things, the mandatory renunciation of sex and union. For a lay Jain, it represents a virtuous lifestyle devoid of constant sexual urges, that likewise includes unproblematic living, meditation and other behaviors.

Judaism [edit]

Judaism forbids intercourse exterior matrimony (which is termed znut or promiscuity), merely has no platonic of guiltlessness. Within matrimony abstinence is also required during and following a woman'due south menstruation. The husband is not allowed to deprive sex from his wife, even if she is not fertile (known every bit mitzvat onah ).

Associated practices [edit]

Among some groups of people, the wearing of a purity ring is a reminder to oneself and others, that they are practicing sexual forbearance.^[1] In order to aid their sobriety, some sexual abstinents partake in the usage of anaphrodisiacs.^[56]

Historically, some individuals were said to vesture a guiltlessness belt, a locking item of article of clothing designed to prevent sexual intercourse. They were used to protect the wearer from rape or temptation. Some devices take been designed with boosted features to forestall masturbation. Chastity belts have been created for males and females, ostensibly for the purpose of chastity.^[57]

Abstinence-merely teaching [edit]

Forbearance of grade helps forestall the spread of sexually transmitted infections such as HIV, HPV, syphilis, etc.^[58] Among adolescents, forbearance-merely education has been constitute to be less effective at preventing sexually transmitted infections and teenage pregnancy than comprehensive sex activity education, which does non assume boyish abstinence.^{[59] [60]}

Encounter also [edit]

• Abstinence, be true-blue, use a condom
• Antisexualism
• Harmful to Minors, a book by Judith Levine which deals with sexual morality in the United states of america
• Making Sense of Forbearance
• Purity Ball
• Virginity
• Virginity pledge

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} O'Brien, Jodi (2009). Encyclopedia of Gender and Guild. SAGE Publications. p. 155. ISBN9781412909167. In this subset of abstinence-only educational activity programs, young people vow guiltlessness until wedlock and wear a "purity ring" to demonstrate a commitment to sexual abstinence.
2. ^ The American Heritage Lexicon of the English Language (3d ed. 1992), entries for celibacy and thence abstinence
3. ^ ^{a b c} Uta Ranke.Heinman (1988). Eunuchs for the Kingdom of Heaven - the Catholic Church and Sexuality. Penguin Books United states of america. ISBN0-385-26527-one.
4. ^ "What'due south the Deal with Semen Retention?". Healthline. four June 2019. Retrieved 31 Baronial 2020.
5. ^ Yoshida, M. (2 July 2000). "Conservation of sperms: current condition and new trends". Animal Reproduction Scientific discipline. 60–61: 349–355. doi:10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00125-one. ISSN 0378-4320. PMID 10844206.
6. ^ "Science discovers the physiological value of continence"
7. ^ Sanger, Margaret (29 December 1912), What Every Girl Should Know: Sexual Impulses — Part II , retrieved 6 Nov 2013
8. ^ "Any human gild is complimentary to cull either to brandish great energy or to enjoy sexual freedom; the bear witness is that it cannot do both for more than ane generation." Unwin, J. D. (1934) Sex and Civilization, p. 412.
9. ^ Unwin, J. D. (1927). "Monogamy as a Condition of Social Energy". The Hibbert Periodical. XXV: 662.
10. ^ Abstinence during infertile period to prevent conception
11. ^ Hashemite kingdom of jordan, Mary (21 August 2008). "Searching for Freedom, Chained by the Law". The Washington Postal service . Retrieved 3 Baronial 2013.
12. ^ Ernesto Londoño (ix September 2012). "Afghanistan sees ascension in 'dancing boys' exploitation". The Washington Post. DEHRAZI, Afghanistan. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013.
13. ^ "Home". AIDSPortal. Archived from the original on 26 October 2008. Retrieved 2 Baronial 2013.
14. ^ ^{a b} "Iran". Travel.land.gov. Archived from the original on ane Baronial 2013. Retrieved 3 Baronial 2013.
15. ^ "Un Human being Rights Website - Treaty Bodies Database - Document - Summary Record - Kuwait". Unhchr.ch. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
16. ^ "Civilization of Republic of the maldives". Every Civilisation. Retrieved 3 Baronial 2013.
17. ^ "Morocco: Should pre-marital sex activity be legal?". BBC News. 9 Baronial 2012.
18. ^ "2010 Human Rights Report: Mauritania". Country.gov. 8 April 2011. Retrieved ii Baronial 2013.
19. ^ "Education in Dubai". Dubaifaqs.com. Retrieved two August 2013.
20. ^ Judd, Terri; Sajn, Nikolina (10 July 2008). "Briton faces jail for sexual activity on Dubai beach". The Independent. London. Retrieved 3 Baronial 2013.
21. ^ ""Sex outside of wedlock is a criminal offense hither," PH ambassador to Qatar warns Pinoys". SPOT.ph. 12 September 2011. Retrieved 3 Baronial 2013.
22. ^ "Sudan must rewrite rape laws to protect victims". Reuters. 28 June 2007. Archived from the original on ix December 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
23. ^ "Women's Rights in the Center East and Northward Africa - Yemen". Unhcr.org. Retrieved 2 Baronial 2013.
24. ^ "Shocking gay accolade killing inspires film - CNN.com". CNN. 13 Jan 2012.
25. ^ "Iraqi immigrant bedevilled in Arizona 'honor killing' awaits sentence". CNN. 23 February 2011.
26. ^ The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy Dec 2003, Volume half dozen, Number v Past Cynthia Dailard
27. ^ "Comprehensive sexuality pedagogy". United Nations Population Fund . Retrieved 23 October 2021.
28. ^ half dozen-SHA2_Interior Archived 13 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine
29. ^ Harmful to Minors
30. ^ "Evaluation of Abstinence Education Programs Funded Under Title V, Department 510". three July 2014. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved thirteen December 2020.
31. ^ Congress changed its mind on abstinence Archived 25 October 2009 at the Wayback Motorcar
32. ^ New Bush Administration Policy Promotes Abstinence Until Marriage Amid People in their 20s, Guttmacher Policy Review 2006, Book 9, Number 4. Bachelor online at http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/gpr/09/4/gpr090423.html
33. ^ Boerner, Heather. Questioning Abstinence Until Matrimony. Available online at "Archived copy". Archived from the original on xiii January 2008. Retrieved 2 July 2008. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
34. ^ Jessica Fields (2012). "Sexuality Didactics in the U.s.: Shared Cultural Ideas across a Political Divide". Sociology Compass. half dozen (1): ane–xiv. doi:x.1111/j.1751-9020.2011.00436.ten.
35. ^ "Why the federal Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program'south fate is uncertain | PBS NewsHour".
36. ^ Donovan, Charles A. "Encouraging the Abstinent Majority." Heritage Foundation. 1 July 2010: n.p. SIRS Researcher. Web. 25 October 2010.
37. ^ "No-sex activity programmes 'non working'". BBC News. 2 August 2007. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
38. ^ Abby Wilkerson (March 2013). "I Want to Agree Your Hand: Abstinence Curricula, Bioethics, and the Silencing of Desire". Journal of Medical Humanities. 34 (2): 101–108. doi:10.1007/s10912-013-9213-0. PMID 23468394. S2CID 35152974.
39. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2007. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy every bit championship (link)
40. ^ Lisa Remez (November–December 2000). "Oral Sex amidst Adolescents: Is Information technology Sex activity or Is It Abstinence?". Family Planning Perspectives. Family unit Planning Perspectives, Vol. 32, No. half dozen. 32 (6): 298–304. doi:ten.2307/2648199. JSTOR 2648199. PMID 11138867. Archived from the original on 21 Apr 2005.
41. ^ Janice M. Irvine (2005). Disorders of Want: Sexuality and Gender in Modernistic American Sexology. Temple University Press. pp. 37–43. ISBN978-1592131518 . Retrieved 3 January 2012.
42. ^ Charles Zastrow (2007). Introduction to Social Piece of work and Social Welfare: Empowering People. Cengage Learning. pp. 227–228. ISBN978-0495095101 . Retrieved 15 March 2014.
43. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved xi September 2017. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create as championship (link)
44. ^ SSRN-The Hermeneutics of Sexual Lodge past L. Khan
45. ^ "1 Corinthians vii:two Evangelical Heritage Version (EHV)".
46. ^ "Hebrews thirteen:four New International Version (NIV)".
47. ^ i Corinthians 7.iii-5
48. ^ Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologia I-Two q. 60 a. 5; Catholic Encyclopedia, "Chastity"
49. ^ Humanae vitae 12
50. ^ "Homo Sexuality". The Book of Discipline of The United Methodist Church. The United Methodist Church. 2014.
51. ^ Buehler, Stephanie (29 July 2013). What Every Mental Wellness Professional Needs to Know Most Sexual practice. Springer Publishing Company. p. 55. ISBN9780826171214 . Retrieved nineteen June 2014. Religions notably vary in their view of sexuality and its expression, especially regarding premarital sexual activity, sexual orientation, and masturbation. Some religions, such as the United Church of Christ, are liberal in their approaches, assertive that individuals must determine for themselves how to express their sexual nature. Others, such as the Church building of Jesus Christ of Latter Twenty-four hours Saints (Mormonism) and Catholicism, take an austere view of premarital experimentation and masturbation.
52. ^ "What does Hinduism say most sexual relationships? - Sexual relationships - GCSE Religious Studies Revision - WJEC". BBC Bitesize . Retrieved 17 March 2021.
53. ^ "What does Islam say about sexual relationships? - Human sexuality and relationships - GCSE Religious Studies Revision". BBC Bitesize . Retrieved 31 Baronial 2020.
54. ^ Vijay K. Jain 2012, p. iv. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVijay_K._Jain2012 (help)
55. ^ Brahmacarya, BBC
56. ^ Byers, John Andrew. The Sexual Economy of War: Regulation of Sexuality and the U.s. Army, 1898-1940. Diss. Duke University, 2012.
57. ^ Karras, Ruth Mazo. "Thomas Aquinas'southward Chastity Chugalug." Gender and Christianity in Medieval Europe: New Perspectives (2013): 52.
58. ^ "How You Can Prevent Sexually Transmitted Diseases". cdc.gov. 5 November 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
59. ^ Ott, Mary A; Santelli, John Due south (2007). "Abstinence and forbearance-but education". Electric current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 19 (5): 446–52. doi:10.1097/GCO.0b013e3282efdc0b. PMC5913747. PMID 17885460.
60. ^ Chin, Helen B; Sipe, Theresa Ann; Elder, Randy; Mercer, Shawna L; Chattopadhyay, Sajal Chiliad; Jacob, Verughese; Wethington, Holly R; Kirby, Doug; Elliston, Donna B; Griffith, Matt; Chuke, Stella O; Briss, Susan C; Ericksen, Irene; Galbraith, Jennifer Southward; Herbst, Jeffrey H; Johnson, Robert L; Kraft, Joan Yard; Noar, Seth 1000; Romero, Lisa Thou; Santelli, John (2012). "The Effectiveness of Group-Based Comprehensive Adventure-Reduction and Abstinence Education Interventions to Prevent or Reduce the Risk of Adolescent Pregnancy, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Sexually Transmitted Infections". American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 42 (3): 272–94. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.xi.006. PMID 22341164.

Farther reading [edit]

• Benjamin Brown, "Kedushah: The Sexual Abstinence of Married Men in Gur, Slonim and Toldos Ahron", Jewish History 2013, pp. 475-522

External links [edit]

• Chastityproject.com
• Chastity.com
• National Abstinence Clearinghouse
• Science discovers the physiological value of continence past Dr. R. W. Bernard, A.B., M.A., Ph.D.

deckerlamothe80.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_abstinence

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